What historical document declared independence from Britain?

The Declaration of Independence is the historical document that formally declared the American colonies' separation from British rule. It was adopted on July 4, 1776, and it articulated the colonies' grievances against King George III, asserting their right to self-governance based on the principles of natural rights and the social contract. This document laid the foundation for the United States as an independent nation and set the stage for the development of democratic principles in the country.

In contrast, the Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution for the United States, but they were created after independence was declared and aimed at establishing a framework for governance among the states. The Constitution delineates the structure of the U.S. government and outlines the fundamental laws of the nation, while the Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, safeguarding individual liberties and rights. These other documents are crucial to American governance but are not related to the act of declaring independence from Britain.