What does the term 'checks and balances' refer to in the context of government?

The term 'checks and balances' is a fundamental principle in governance, particularly in a democratic system, designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. It establishes a framework where each branch—executive, legislative, and judicial—has the ability to monitor and limit the actions of the others. This ensures that power is distributed and regulated among the branches, thereby protecting the rights of citizens and maintaining a balance in government authority.

For instance, the legislative branch has the power to make laws, but the executive branch has the authority to veto legislation, providing a check on legislative power. Additionally, the judicial branch can review laws and executive actions to ensure they are constitutional. This system is crucial in maintaining a democratic balance, safeguarding against tyranny and abuse of power.

The other options address different aspects of governance but do not encapsulate the essence of 'checks and balances' as effectively. The ability to veto suggests a unilateral act without a broader system of mutual oversight, while the distribution of governmental powers focuses more on structure than on the interplay between branches. The process for approving new legislation pertains to legislative procedures rather than the overarching system of oversight and balance inherent in the checks and balances principle.