What are the two houses of Congress?

The correct choice identifies the two houses of Congress in the United States, which are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established by the Constitution, reflecting a compromise between different states' interests, as larger states favored representation based on population, while smaller states preferred equal representation. The Senate consists of two senators from each state, ensuring that all states have equal voice in this chamber. In contrast, the House of Representatives is composed of members based on state populations, allowing for more representation of the populous states.

This design allows for a balance of power, where the Senate tends to provide stability with longer terms for its members, while the House is more responsive to the public and the shifting political landscape due to its shorter terms and larger size. This system encourages thorough debate and consideration of legislation, fundamental to the functioning of American democracy.